MVRV Z-Score
An on-chain indicator showing how far Bitcoin's market value sits from aggregate coin cost basis and its historical range.
The gap between price and network cost basis
Market capitalization reflects Bitcoin's current valuation, while realized capitalization values coins at the price of their last movement. The Z-Score normalizes the gap using historical market-cap volatility.
MVRV Z-Score formula
(Market Cap − Realized Cap) ÷ StdDev(Market Cap)LOOK CRYPTO receives the on-chain metric from the provider and separately displays its observation date and publication delay.
Historical MVRV Z-Score zones
- < 0Historical undervaluation territory: market value is near or below aggregate cost basis.
- 0–3.7Neutral cycle range. The reading alone confirms neither a bottom nor a top.
- ≥ 3.7Historical overheating territory where cycle-top risk has increased.
Look for signal agreement
For bottoms, compare MVRV with NUPL, long-term-holder behavior and the 200-week average. For tops, seek confirmation from demand, coin distribution and leverage.
A threshold does not name a reversal date
Historical zones do not guarantee that a future cycle will repeat. On-chain classification and market structure change over time.
This material is for market research and is not investment advice.